Education in Turkey

Education in Turkey is governed by a national system which was established in accordance with the Atatürk's Reforms. It is a state-supervised system designed to produce a skillful professional class for the social and economic institutes of the nation.^[1]

Compulsory education lasts 12 years. Primary and secondary education is financed by the state and free of charge in public schools, between the ages of 6 and 19. Turkey has over 200 universities as of 2022.^[2] ÖSYS, after which high school graduates are assigned to university according to their performance.^[3]

Turkey has 97% of primary school enrollment among all eligible children as of 2019. This number has significantly dropped with the Syrian refugee crisis. Many Syrian children left school during the crisis.^[4]

In 2002, the total expenditure on education in Turkey amounted to $13.4 billion, including the state budget allocated through the National Ministry of Education and private and international funds.^[5] The share of national wealth invested in educational institutions is higher in Turkey than average among OECD countries.^[6] Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey is the main national body of R&D in Turkey.

The Human Rights Measurement Initiative (HRMI)^[7] finds that when taking into consideration Turkey's income level, the nation is achieving 61.7% of what should be possible based on its resources (income) for primary education and 86.1% for secondary education.^[8]

^ Özelli, M. Tunç (January 1974). "The Evolution of the Formal Educational System and Its Relation to Economic Growth Policies in the First Turkish Republic". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 5 (1). London: Cambridge University Press: 77–92. doi:10.1017/s0020743800032803. ISSN 0020-7438. JSTOR 162345. S2CID 154739517.
^ "Destination Guides Study in Turkey". www.topuniversities.com/. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
^ Guide For Foreign Students Who Wants To Education In Turkey Archived 15 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine
^ "Turkey: Primary school enrollment". www.theglobaleconomy.com. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
^ 2002 Report by Turkish Statistical Institute, Prime Ministry of the Republic of Turkey.
^ "Education at a Glance 2021". www.oecd-ilibrary.org. OECD Indicators. Retrieved 15 March 2022.
^ "Human Rights Measurement Initiative". Human Rights Measurement Initiative. Retrieved 1 May 2023.
^ "Turkey". Rights Tracker.org. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

[1] Özelli, M. Tunç (January 1974). "The Evolution of the Formal Educational System and Its Relation to Economic Growth Policies in the First Turkish Republic". International Journal of Middle East Studies. 5 (1). London: Cambridge University Press: 77–92. doi:10.1017/s0020743800032803. ISSN 0020-7438. JSTOR 162345. S2CID 154739517.

[2] "Destination Guides Study in Turkey". www.topuniversities.com/. Retrieved 15 March 2022.

[3] Guide For Foreign Students Who Wants To Education In Turkey Archived 15 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine

[4] "Turkey: Primary school enrollment". www.theglobaleconomy.com. Retrieved 15 March 2022.

[5] 2002 Report by Turkish Statistical Institute, Prime Ministry of the Republic of Turkey.

[6] "Education at a Glance 2021". www.oecd-ilibrary.org. OECD Indicators. Retrieved 15 March 2022.

[7] "Human Rights Measurement Initiative". Human Rights Measurement Initiative. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

[8] "Turkey". Rights Tracker.org. Retrieved 1 May 2023.

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